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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : 19782993 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (e-ISSN: 1978-2993), an international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics studies, and chemical reaction engineering.

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Articles 26 Documents

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Search results for , issue "2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)" : 26 Documents clear

Carbon-containing Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Fish Bone as Low-cost Mesoporous Material for Methylene Blue Adsorption Mukhamad Nurhadi; Ratna Kusumawardani; Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin; Rahmat Gunawan; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite has been synthesized using the fish bone obtained from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The synthesis was conducted at varying calcination temperature (300-700 °C) and duration time (1-5 h). The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite were characterized by using Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles consisted of the mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 159 m2.g-1 and pore size of 44 Å. The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue by varying the contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The maximum amount of adsorption capacity was 56.49 mg.g-1. The adsorption was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 ~ 0.998) and the pseudo-second-order model. This indicated that the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface-active site of carbon-containing hydroxyapatite via chemical binding, forming an adsorbate monolayer. Hence, the adsorption capability corresponds to the physical properties such as the surface area and pore volume of hydroxyapatite because the larger surface area consists of higher binding sites for the adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was spontaneous. Thus, carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be applied as a low-cost adsorbent for the treatment of industrial effluents that are contaminated with the methylene blue.

Observation of Increased Dispersion of Pt and Mobility of Oxygen in Pt/g-Al2O3 Catalyst with La Modification in CO Oxidation Thanawat Wandondaeng; Chaowat Autthanit; Bunjerd Jongsomjit; Piyasan Praserthdam
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

The study focuses on an improvement of the catalytic activity via CO oxidation for Pt/g-Al2O3 catalyst by addition of La onto the support prior to impregnation with Pt metals. The molar ratios of La/Al were varied from 0.01 to 0.15. Based on temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2, La addition apparently resulted in increased basicity of the catalysts, which is related to increasing of oxygen mobility. However, when considered the Pt dispersion measured by CO chemisorption, it was found that Pt dispersion also increased with increasing the amount of La addition up to La/Al = 0.05. It is suggested that too high amount of La addition can inhibit the dispersion Pt due to surface coverage of La. It is worth noting that the catalytic activity toward CO oxidation essentially depends on both Pt dispersion and oxygen mobility and they can be superimposed on each other. Based on this study, the Pt/g-Al2O3 catalyst with La addition of La/Al molar ratio = 0.05 showed the highest activity due to its optimal Pt dispersion and oxygen mobility leading to its highest value of turnover frequency (TOF).

Direct Synthesis of Sodalite from Indonesian Kaolin for Adsorption of Pb2+ Solution, Kinetics, and Isotherm Approach Tri Wahyuni; Didik Prasetyoko; Suprapto Suprapto; Imroatul Qoniah; Hasliza Bahruji; Ahmad Anwarud Dawam; Sugeng Triwahyono; Aishah Abdul Jalil
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Indonesian kaolin was used as precursor for synthesis of sodalite. Synthesis parameters were optimized by varying the Si/Al ratios, stirring and aging conditions, and water composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Xray (SEM-EDX), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) were used to characterize sodalite. The potential of sodalite as adsorbent for heavy metal Pb2+ ions removal from waste water was investigated in this work. The uptake adsorption capacities of sodalite was 90-100 mg/g from synthesized sodalite crystallized for 24 and 48 hours, and commercial silica. The kinetic of Pb2+ adsorption was a pseudo second order reaction and the adsorption coefficients was followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Ruthenium-doped Titania-pillared Clay for The Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexene: Influence of Ru Loading Ahmed Dali; Ilhem Rekkab-Hammoumraoui; Sanaa El Korso; Souheyla Boudjema; Abderrahim Choukchou-Braham
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

A series of ruthenium-based catalysts supported on acid-activated montmorillonite (PILC) and interspersed with titanium (Ru/Ti-PILCs) were prepared with various amounts of ruthenium. Their catalytic performances in the selective oxidation of cyclohexene, using tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant were checked. The clay structure modification by acid activation and impregnation of transition metals resulted in an enhanced Lewis and Bronsted acidities. The Ru/Ti-PILCs materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area and pore volume measurements, surface acidity followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that all catalysts can selectively oxidize cyclohexene through allylic oxidation leading mainly to 2-cyclohexene-1-one (Enone) as the major product, and 2-cyclohexene-1-ol (Enol) as secondary product. With the 5 %Ru/Ti-PILC, it was possible to reach 59 % cyclohexene total conversion, and 87 % selectivity into 2-cyclohexene-1-one and 13 % selectivity into 2-cyclohexene-1-ol.

CO2 Reforming of Methane over LaNiO3 Perovskite Supported Catalysts: Influence of Silica Support Djamila Sellam; Kahina Ikkour; Sadia Dekkar; Hassiba Messaoudi; Taous Belaid; Anne- Cécile Roger
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

The study presents the dry reforming of methane using natural Kaolin silica as catalyst support. The silica-supported LaNiO3 perovskite catalysts (20LaNiO3/SiO2 and 40LaNiO3/SiO2) and bulk LaNiO3 catalyst were synthesized by auto-combustion method. The resulting catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption - desorption isotherm measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). After reduction at 700 °C, they were used as catalysts for the reaction of dry reforming of methane into synthesis gas at atmospheric pressure at 800 °C. The reduced 40LaNiO3/SiO2 exhibited high catalytic activity. This result was attributed to the small Ni metallic particles obtained from the reduced perovskite highly dispersed on the support and the good reducibility. The increase of reduction temperature at 800 °C resulted in a further enhancement of the catalytic performance of 40LaNiO3/SiO2 catalyst. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Evaluation of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol Production Khairul Hadi Burhan; Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati; Tjandra Setiadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

The biological process route of xylitol production from lignocellulosic materials, via enzymatic hydrolysis which is followed by fermentation, offers a more sustainable or greener process than the chemical process route. Both the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation processes are conducted at moderate process condition and thus require less energy and chemicals. However, the process proceeds slower than the chemical one. In order to improve process performance, the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation processes can be integrated as Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) configuration. This paper discusses the evaluation of SSF configuration on xylitol production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). To integrate two processes which have different optimum temperature, the performance of each process at various temperature was first evaluated. Later, SSF was evaluated at various hydrolysis and fermentation time at each optimum temperature. SSF showed better process performance than the separated hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The best result was obtained from configuration with 72 hours of prior hydrolysis followed by simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation, giving yield of 0.08 g-xylitol/g-OPEFB.

Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Rice Husk Extract and KI for Mild Steel in H2SO4 Solution Marta Pramudita; Sukirno Sukirno; Mohammad Nasikin
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

The corrosion inhibition of rice husk extract for bio-corrosion in mild steel in 1 M of H2SO4 solution and the effect of adding potassium iodide were investigated using the weight-loss method with a variable solution temperature and various bio-inhibitor concentrations. The addition of potassium iodide can significantly increase the efficiency of rice husk extract. The highest efficiency is 95.89% at 1,250 ppm of inhibitor concentration at a temperature of 313 K. The inhibition efficiency of rice husk extract is synergistically increased with the addition of potassium iodide. The characteristics of the adsorption inhibitors were assessed using the Langmuir isotherm adsorption approach at all studied concentrations and temperatures. The synergy of rice husk extract and potassium iodide was examined using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.

Tuning the Morphology of Ag3PO4 Photocatalysts with an Elevated Concentration of KH2PO4 Khusnul Afifah; Roy Andreas; Dadan Hermawan; Uyi Sulaeman
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Tuning the morphology of Ag3PO4 photocatalysts with an elevated concentration of KH2PO4 have been successfully conducted. This photocatalyst was prepared by starting material of AgNO3 and KH2PO4. The KH2PO4 aqueous solution with five concentrations of 0.10 M, 0.15 M, 0.30 M, 0.45 M, and 0.60 M was reacted with AgNO3 aqueous solution. The products were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The concentration of KH2PO4 significantly affected the morphology, size, and crystallinity of catalyst. The morphology of Ag3PO4 may be tuned with the synthesis using an elevated concentration of KH2PO4. The sample with the synthesis using 0.15 M of KH2PO4 exhibited the excellent photocatalytic activity. The high photocatalytic activity was caused by the small size of mixed morphology of sphere and tetrahedron, high crystallinity and defect sites.

Effects of Calcination Temperatures on The Catalytic Activities of Alumina Supported Cobalt and Chromium Catalysts Mardwita Mardwita; Eka Sri Yusmartini; Nidya Wisudawati
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Catalysts properties are important for catalytic reactions. The interaction between support and metal in a catalyst is resulted from catalyst preparation. In this study, gamma-alumina (Al2O3) supported cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and calcined at two different temperatures, they are 400 °C for 4 hours and 800 °C for 4 hours. The resulted catalysts contained 10 wt.% of metal and denoted as Co/Al2O3(400), Co/Al2O33(800), Cr/Al2O3(400), and Cr/Al2O3(800) catalysts. The surface and state of the catalysts were examined by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD result reveals that strong interaction between Co and Al2O3 due to a formation of higher cobalt oxide. The XRD result further indicates aggregation and strong support metal interaction between Co and Al2O3 during calcination. On the other hand, TEM result showed that large Co particle was observed on Al2O3. The Cr/Al2O3 catalysts were characterized by using XPS. The XPS results showed that Cr/Al2O3(800) catalyst was dominated by Cr6+ species at binding energy 579.04 eV, indicating high dispersion of Cr on Al2O3. Moreover, Cr metal particle was not observed on XRD and TEM image. All the characterization results provide information that the impregnated metal on Al2O3 showed different properties. Co metal particle tends to be more oxidized and formed large particle, however it was not observed on Cr metal particle.

Basicity Optimization of KF/Ca-MgO Catalyst using Impregnation Method Didi Dwi Anggoro; Luqman Buchori; Setia Budi Sasongko; Herawati Oktavianty
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

This research aimed at determining the optimum value between calcination temperature (X1), calcination time (X2) and %wt KF (X3) toward optimum basicity of KF/Ca-MgO catalyst. Approximately 2-4%wt KF was added to the KF/Ca-MgO catalyst using the impregnation method to assist the Ca-MgO, at 450-550 ºC and a calcination time of 2-4 hours. Furthermore, its basicity was analyzed using Tanabe's titration method. The use of Variance Analysis (ANOVA), indicated that calcination temperature (X1) factor achieved the highest basicity of KF/Ca-MgO catalyst, as indicated by its high F-value (16.46262) and low p-value (0.0067). The correlation between each operating variables and the responses were shown in a mathematical equation. The optimization value is estimated by limiting the calcination temperature from 415.9 to 584.1 ºC, with a calcination time ranging from 1.32 to 4.68 hours, and %wt KF of 1.3182 to 4.6818 % that obtained 1.18 mmol/g for the optimal catalyst basicity.

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